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This project develops a set of proposals to
implement steps to organise domestic solid waste management in the city of
Paraná and to allow for the generation of community awareness as to the
protection and care of the environment.
An analysis and diagnosis of the present
condition was conducted and secondary information was provided by the
municipality together with an operational proposal expressed in a solid
waste management plan which outlines guidelines and action plans for the
maximisation and efficiency of garbage collection services, transport,
treatment and final disposal of urban solid waste,.
It must be pointed out that this management
model is applicable to other municipalities, after evaluation of the
contextual scenario of the city in question and adapting the proposed
action to its corresponding urban setup. This is important, especially
when taking into account the urgent need to introduce environmental values
in political, economic and social decision-making processes, which is an
irreversible reality for those countries committed to the protection and
preservation of the environment.
This study is developed in five analysis
and diagnosis titles and one proposal title.
These five titles deal with the following
subjects: Physical Environment, Socio-economic Factors, Social
Environment, Planning and Current Management of Domestic Solid Waste.
The proposal is the Domestic Waste
Management Plan for the City of Paraná and it results from the analysis
and diagnosis of the above-mentioned titles.
In Physical Environment the analysis
area is defined, as well as the geographical extension of the intervention
area, jurisdictional, legal and regulatory limits included within the area
and potential restrictions that may affect the programme. In addition,
Topography and Geomorphology of the soil, Climatology and Meteorology
existing in the area (rainfall, humidity, winds, speed and direction of
winds, temperature and temperature variation, hydrology and geology of the
soil (study of the soils and surface and ground water, environment,
vegetation and soils), are described.
In the analysis of Socio-economic factors
of the region the incidence of the different productive sectors in the
economy of the area is defined. For this purpose the industrial sector is
studied, with a classification of industries operating in the area and
their general characteristics.
Regarding the agricultural and cattle
breeding sector, and the business, institutional and service sectors, the
importance, extension and location regarding the urban setup of the city
of Paraná, are verified, as well as their incidence in terms of solid
waste production (quantity, quality and characteristics).
In Social Environment the
population, distribution, density, population growth, demographic growth
trends, low-income population problems and characteristics of the waste
production according to population living in different areas of the city,
are analysed.
Under Planning, the Code of
Planning, regulations for implementation, land use, classification of
uses: residential, industrial, commercial and equipment are studied. The
different characteristics of the production of solid waste from land use
are identified.
This chapter includes the study of the
infrastructure of services, water supply services, sewage system coverage,
waste treatment plants, with reference to waste management and road
infrastructure, road networks, classification and extension in terms of
the necessary coverage to implement a solid waste management plan.
Under Current Management of solid
waste presents an inventory of production areas according to their
geographic location and includes a comprehensive description of their
characteristics and origins as well as the characteristics of the waste
collection systems, machinery, final disposal, transportation, coverage
areas, transformation processes, marketing, existing jurisdictions, etc.
Prior to the development of the plan,
alternative proposals were presented. This allows for the possibility of
deciding among different combinations of operations with the waste,
according to the technical, economic, and environmental assessment.
The proposed criteria for the selection of
alternatives describe the variables to be taken into account in each
alternative. The most important ones are: the economic and financial, the
social, the operational, the technical and environmental, the environment
protection alternatives. The following must be evaluated:
- The social, economic and political
Cost-Benefit Ratio.
- The functional maximisation of a step by
step development.
- Investment evaluation.
- Rational use of existing resources.
In the Urban Solid Waste Management Plan
a mechanism for the solution of the problem is presented by
establishing management action oriented to three fundamental directions:
- Information, public training, efficiency
of garbage collection circuits.
- Social and labour integration of the 700
people that make their living from the classification and cleaning
activities in landfills and mini waste disposal areas, by performing
activities related to soil cleansing.
- The construction of a landfill as the
final destination of domestic solid waste.
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